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List of Nazi doctors
This is a list of notable Nazi medical doctors (M.D. or physicians).
When the Nazi government came to power it purged Germany of its 6,000 to 7,000 Jewish doctors.〔(Newspaper The Southeast Missourian "Germany looks for way out of war" 17 September 1938 )〕
Reportedly more than 7% of all German physicians became members of the Nazi party during World War Two, a far higher percentage than the general population.〔("A long shadow: Nazi doctors, moral vulnerability and contemporary medical culture" Published Online First 3 May 2012 )〕 In 1942 more than 38,000 German doctors, half the total number of doctors, had joined the Nazi party.〔("The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code : Human Rights in Human Experimentation" Oxford University Press. May 7, 1992. Page 19 )〕 While most of these doctors were physicians, some were psychiatrists, and some held doctorates (PhD.'s) in biology, anthropology, or similarly related fields.
Psychiatrists working for the state, and not for their patient, saw extermination of their patients as the correct solution to mental illness.〔("Psychiatry during the Nazi era: ethical lessons for the modern professional" Rael D Strous. February 2007 )〕
"The participation in the ‘betrayal of Hippocrates’ had a broad basis within the German medical profession. Without the doctors' active help, the Holocaust could not have happened." wrote E Ernst in the International Journal of Epidemiology.〔("The Third Reich—German physicians between resistance and participation" by E Ernst. Int. J. Epidemiol. (2001) Volume 30, Issue 1 Pp. 37-42. doi: 10.1093/ije/30.1.37 )〕
Psychiatrist Ernst Rüdin was the founder of the psychiatric genetics field and was also a founder of the German racial hygiene movement.〔("Ernst Rüdin: Hitler's Racial Hygiene Mastermind." authors Joseph J, Wetzel. 2013 Spring;46(1):1-30. doi: 10.1007/s10739-012-9344-6. )〕
Killing and experimentation became medical procedures as they were performed by licensed doctors. The excuse that there wasn't any international law to differentiate between legal and illegal human experimentation, was used in the Doctors' trial.〔("As Other Editors See it : The Nazi Doctors" Schenectady Gazette. November 27, 1946 )〕 Due to the lack of international laws to govern doctors, the Nuremberg Code (1947) was created.
After the war the German Medical Association blamed Nazi atrocities on a small group of 350 criminal doctors. 〔("Apologising for Nazi medicine: a constructive starting point" The Lancet, Volume 380, Issue 9843, (paragraph 6)Pages 722 - 723, 25 August 2012 )〕〔(Nazi Euthanasia of the Mentally Ill at Hadamar: Rael D. Strous, M.D.Am J Psychiatry 2006 )〕〔("Murderous Science: Elimination by scientific selection of Jews, Gypsies and others:1933-1945" by Benno Müller-Hill, Oxford University Press, 1988 )〕
Doctors such as Werner Heyde〔("Psychiatry under National Socialism – Remembrance and Responsibility" by Dr Frank Schneider, Page s116. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2011) 261 (Suppl 2):S111–S118. DOI 10.1007/s00406-011-0243-1 )〕 and Robert Ley(chemistry)〔("Robert Ley is in hands of yankees" Lawrence Daily Journal World. May 17, 1945 )〕
, changed their name after the war to avoid responsibility. Dr Walter Schreiber first used by the Soviets was later taken into Operation Paperclip in 1951.
Alphabetical List of the Nazi physicians.
==A==
* Dr. Arzt=Doctor
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